Chapter -Light
01. How do we see the things in light?
02. Write the different properties of light?
03. What are the different optical phenomena that takes place due to light?
04. Deflection of light?
05. State laws of reflection of light?
06. What are the properties of the image formed by a plane mirror?
07. What are the two types of spherical mirrors?
08. What is a concave mirror and convex mirror?
09. Define the following of a spherical mirror?
a) pole b) centre of curvature c) Principal focus d) Principal axis e) Radius of curvature f ) aperture g) focal length
10.What is the relationship between the radius of curvature and focal
length?
10. A ray of light makes an ∟30° to the normal. Find out what angle does a reflected ray from a plane mirror will make with respect to the reflecting surface?
11. What is the angle of reflection of an incident ray that travels along the normal to the reflecting surface? Why?
12. A ray of light makes an angle of 40° with respect to the principle axis of a concave mirror. Find out what will be the angle subtended by the reflected ray with respect to the principle axis? Why?
13. A ray traveling parallel to the principle axis hits a point M on the concave mirror. If the ray makes an angle of 30° to the line drawn from M to the centre of curvature what will be the angle made by the reflected ray that passes through the principle focus after reflection with respect to the same line? Why? And how do you call the line?
14. If a paper is kept for a long time at the principle focus of a concave mirror exposed to the sunlight what will happen to the paper? Explain.
15. For spherical mirror of small aperture where does the principle focus lie?
16. With a suitable diagram write the important rules to be followed to draw the ray diagram for a concave mirror.
17. Complete the given ray diagram
(2)
18. Draw a ray diagram for a spherical mirror which forms a real image of magnification less than one
19. Draw a ray diagram for a spherical mirror which forms a real image of magnification more than one
20. Draw a ray diagram for a spherical mirror which forms a virtual image of magnification less than one
21. Draw a ray diagram for a spherical mirror which forms a virtual image of magnification more than one
22. Draw a ray diagram for the spherical mirrors for the object at infinity
23. How does the nature and position of the image change when the object recedes a concave mirror and convex mirror
24. Definition linear magnification
25. Write the mirror formula and formula to find out linear magnification
26. Draw a ray diagram for a spherical mirror for m=1 for real image
27. Write the new Cartesian convention rules with a diagram.
28. A concave mirror forms a real image at a distance of 25 cm for an object distance of 50 cm. Calculate the focal length of the mirror and its radius of curvature. Calculate the magnification produced by the mirror.
29. What are the uses of a concave mirror and a convex mirror?
30. Why cannot a dentist use a convex mirror as his clinical mirror instead of a concave mirror?
31. Why cannot a plane mirror be used as a rear view mirror?
32. Why cannot a concave mirror be used as a rear view mirror?
33. The focal length of a concave mirror and a convex mirror is 25 cm.
If an object is kept at a distance of 40cm from both of them calculate the image distance due to the mirrors individually and the magnification produced by both of them.
34. The magnification produced by a mirror is 4 for both type of images in two different cases. If the radius of curvature of the mirror is 40cm calculate the object distance and image distance for both the cases
3
35. The magnification produced by a mirror is 0.25 for an image formed in the other side of the mirror. If the distance of the image from the mirror is 10cm calculate the radius of curvature of the mirror and also identify the mirror.
36. A dentist uses a mirror in front of a decayed tooth at a distance of 4cm from the tooth to get a 4 times magnified image on the mirror. Calculate the radius of curvature of the mirror. If he keeps the mirror in front of a candle at a distance of 80cm calculate what type of image does it forms and where does it form?
37. A person sitting in front of a saloon shaving mirror notices that the rays light from the sun falls on a near by wall as a sharp and bright spot at a distance 2m from the mirror. At one instance of time he sits in front of the mirror at a distance of 1m and at another instance he moves 1m away from his position. Calculate the image distances and magnification and type due to his positions in front of the mirror. And draw a ray diagram for both of the positions.
38. A stationary motorist notices an approaching car on his rear view mirror in two different instance at a time interval of 5 seconds. The magnification of the car changes from 0.25cm to 0.5cm in that time. If the focal length of the mirror is 1m calculate the speed of the car.
39. There is a guiding mirror in the hairpin bend of a narrow hilly road. At an instance of time two cars traveling towards the mirror notices each other on the mirror of radius of curvature 2m. If the distance of the image of car A is formed at a distance of 50cm from the mirror and the other is 100cm from the mirror calculate the distances of the cars from the mirrors. If they travel with uniform speed which of the cars will reach the bend quickly.
40. If a concave mirror of focal length 10cm forms an image at a distance of 20cm calculate the distance of object from the mirror
41. If a convex mirror of radius of curvature 100cm has its object at distance 2m calculate the magnification produced by the mirror
42. How does the image position and size change if the object is moved away from a concave mirror and a convex mirror?
43. The magnification produced by a mirror for an image formed on the mirror changes from 0.4 to 0.2. If the focal length of the mirror is 20cm calculate the distance through the object moved.
44. The magnification produced by a mirror for an image formed on the wall changes from 0.4 to 0.2 . if the focal length of the mirror is 40cm calculate the distance through the object moved. If the object has to produce a 5 times magnified image due to the movement of the object in the same direction calculate the distance through which the object has to be moved and its distance from the mirror.
4
45. A mirror forms a 2cm image of a 4cm object in the same side of the mirror. If the radius of curvature of the mirror is 50 calculate the distance between the object and the mirror and the image and the mirror
46. A concave mirror of radius curvature 40cm produces 0.5times magnified image of an object. If a convex mirror of same radius of curvature is replaced in that place how does the magnification, position and type of the image change?
47. A mirror forms a 4cm tall image of a 2cm object in the same side of the object. If the distance between the principle focus and the centre of curvature of the mirror is 20cm calculate the nature, position of the image
48. A mirror forms a 6cm tall image of a 2cm object in the other side of the mirror. If the distance between the image and the mirror is 20cm calculate the focal length of the mirror
49. A mirror forms a 2cm tall image of a 6cm object in the other side of the mirror. If the distance between the image and the mirror is 10cm calculate the focal length of the mirror
50. What is the reason for the apparent flattening of a lemon when it is kept in a tumbler of water?
51. Define refraction and the laws of refraction of light
52. Will there be a difference between the observation of the floor of the bottom of the swimming pool when it is empty and when it is filled with water.
53. Will there be a change in the bending of a pencil kept in a glass of water when it is observed from outside to that of a glass of kerosene. Why?
54. Draw the ray diagram for the refraction through a glass slab and show that angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction
55. Define lateral displacement and what are the factors on which the lateral displacement depends on?
56. A ray of light travels from medium A to medium B. The velocity of light in A is twice of B. If its velocity still increases in another medium C compare the angles of refraction of the ray light in medium B and C
57. A ray of light travels from medium A to B and further to medium C. If the speed of light in medium B is less than in medium C compared to that of A compare the angle of refraction in B and C
58. A ray of light travels from medium A to B and has its angle of refraction greater than its angle of incidence. Find out in which medium its speed is less.
59. A ray of light travels from medium from a transparent substance A to another transparent substance B. If the angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction what do you think about the mediums and their refractive indices?
60. State Snells’ law.
61. What do you mean by absolute refractive index?
62. How do you define the term refractive index?
5
63. A ray of light travels from diamond of refractive index 2.42 to water of refractive index 1.33. Calculate the refractive index of water to diamond and diamond to water. In which of the medium the light travels with greater speed? How does the ray of light bend in water?
64. There two pairs of medium AB and AC. For the given angle of incidence the angle of refraction in the second pair is less than the angle of incidence but in other case the angle of refraction is greater. Of the both B and C which one is denser?
65. The absolute refractive index of medium A is 2.4 and the absolute refractive index of medium B is 1.2. A ray of light is incident is on A at an angle of 30° calculate the angle through which the ray gets refracted?
66. The absolute refractive index of kerosene is 1.44. Calculate the velocity of light in kerosene.
67. The speed of light in water is 2.5x108 m/s. If a ray of light travel from water to Ruby of refractive index 1.7 calculate the velocity of light in Ruby if the refractive index of water is 1.3.
68. A ray of light travels with a speed of 2x108 m/s in a medium X and if its speed is halved in another medium Y calculate the refractive index of medium X to Y and Y to X
69. A ray of light travels with a speed of 1.5x108m/s in medium X and travels with a speed of 2x108 m/s in another medium Y. If the absolute refractive index of medium Y is 1.52 calculate the refractive index of other medium.
70. A red ray of light is incident at angle of x on a glass-air interface. If the red light is replaced by a violet light will there be any change in the angle of refraction. Explain.
71. A ray of light makes angle emergence 45° at a glass- air interface. What is the angle of incidence for the ray of light at air-glass interface.
72. A ray of light is incident on the breadth side of a glass slab and on the length side of the same glass slab in another incidence. In which case the lateral shift will be more. Why
73. If a green ray of light is replaced by a blue light for the given angle of incidence on the glass slab how does the lateral shift change?
74. ABCD is a square glass slab. If the ray of light is incident on AB side and CD side in two different sides in which of the incident the lateral shift will be more?
75. ABCD is a rectangular hollow glass slab. If the ray of light is incident at an angle of 45° what will be the angle of emergence. (The slab is a thin walled slab)
76. ABCD is a rectangular hollow glass slab. In an instance it is filled with water and in another instance it is filled with turpentine. For the given angle of incidence in which of the cases the lateral shift will be more. Why?
77. Are optical density and mass density same. If not justify.
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78. What is a lens. And what are the two prominent types of lenses that we use in the lab. How will you identify them physically and with its property?
79. A boy while playing with a convex lens looks at a printed paper through the lens in two different places of the paper A and B. At A he notices that the letters of the printed matter appear bigger and at B the paper starts to burn. Which of the places A or B is closer to the lens and why?
80. Define the optic centre, focal length, principle axis, radius of curvature, power, principle focus, aperture and centre of curvature of a lens.
81. Write the new Cartesian sign convention rules for a lens with a diagram.
82. Write the formula for a lens and the formula for magnification for a lens.
83. Why is the power of a convex lens is positive and concave lens is negative
84. Define one dioptre.
85. Write the rules to be followed to draw the ray diagram for a lens with diagram
86. Draw the ray diagram for a lens which forms a virtual magnified image.
87. Draw the ray diagram for a lens which forms a virtual diminished image.
88. Draw the ray diagram for a lens which forms a real image of magnification one
89. Draw the ray diagram for a lens which forms a real diminished and real enlarged image.
90. What happens to the image position and size when an object recedes from a convex lens and concave lens.
91. Complete the given ray diagrams.
88.Complete the given ray diagrams.
92. An object is kept at a distance of 30cm from a convex lens of focal length 15cm. Calculate the distance at which the image formed and its magnification.
93. An object is kept at distance of 40cm from a convex lens which forms an image at a distance of 20cm. Calculate the power and focal length of the lens.
94. The power of a convex lens is 10D. If it forms a real image at a distance of 40cm from the lens calculate the place where the object is placed.
95. An object is kept at a distance from lens of power 10D which forms a virtual image at distance of 5cm from the lens. Calculate the distance at which the object is placed
96. An object is kept at a distance of a lens of power 10D which forms a virtual image at a distance of 20cm from the lens. Calculate the distance at which the object is placed
97. A concave lens of focal length 30cm has its object at a distance of 60cm from it. Calculate its power.
98. A lens of power 5D forms an image in the same side of the object at a distance of 15cm from the lens. If another lens of another type is kept in the same place for the same object distance how does the image nature, position, distance and magnification of the object change due to the second lens.
99. Two lenses A and B forms a 2cm tall image of an object of height 6cm in two instances. If A forms the image in the same side of the object and B in the other side of the lens calculate the power of the lenses for the given object distance of 20cm for the both.
100. A lens of focal length 20cm forms a magnification of 4 for the given object in two different instances A and B. Calculate the distance through which the object is moved in these two different instances.
101. A lens of power 10D forms an image of magnification 5 for an image in the same side of the object. If the object is moved 40cm away from the lens how does the image size, nature and position change?
102. The magnification due to a lens of focal length 20cm for a real image changes from 0.2 to 2 Calculate the distance through which the object is moved.
..end. finos edavanna009715093753
Tuesday, May 12, 2009
integration Formulas
INTEGRATION
List of formulae
1. = 2. = ex + c
3. = kx + c 3. = log x + c
5. sin x dx = – cos x + c 6. cos x dx = sin x + c
7. sec2x dx = tan x + c 8. cosec2 x dx = – cot x + c
9. sec x tan x dx = sec x + c 10. cosec x cot x dx = – cosec x + c
11. = sin-1x + c 12. = tan-1x + c
13. = sec–1x + c 14. tan x dx = log (sec x) + c
15. cot x dx = log(sin x) + c 16. sec x dx = log(sec x + tan x) + c
17. cosec x dx = – log (cosec x + cot x) + c 18. logx dx = x logx – x + c
19. + c 20. = tan–1 + c
21. = log +c 22. = log + c
23. = log + c 24. = log + c
25. dx = + + c
26. dx = - log + c
27. dx = + log + c
28. Integration by parts
If we take f(x) as the first function and g(x) as the second function, using the order of ‘ILATE’ then
= f(x) -
Remark 1.
To integrate the second and third powers of sine and cosine of angles use the following formulae
1. Sin2 x = 2. cos2 x =
3. sin3x = 4. cos3 x =
Remark 2
To integrate the products of sine and cosine of angles use the following formulae
1. sin A cos B = [sin(A+B) + sin (A–B)]
2. cos A sin B = [sin(A+B) – sin (A–B)]
3. cos A cos B = [cos(A+B) + cos (A–B)]
4. sin A sin B = [cos(A–B) – cos (A+B)]
= = = 2 tan-1x
Types of Integrals
1. = logf(x) + c 2. =2 + c
3. [f(x)]n f’(x) dx = +c
Integration of type and
Since sin x = and cos x =
Take t = tan (x/2) Þ sin x= and x = 2 tan-1t
Þ dx = and then substitute in the given integral
__________________________________________________________________
List of formulae
1. = 2. = ex + c
3. = kx + c 3. = log x + c
5. sin x dx = – cos x + c 6. cos x dx = sin x + c
7. sec2x dx = tan x + c 8. cosec2 x dx = – cot x + c
9. sec x tan x dx = sec x + c 10. cosec x cot x dx = – cosec x + c
11. = sin-1x + c 12. = tan-1x + c
13. = sec–1x + c 14. tan x dx = log (sec x) + c
15. cot x dx = log(sin x) + c 16. sec x dx = log(sec x + tan x) + c
17. cosec x dx = – log (cosec x + cot x) + c 18. logx dx = x logx – x + c
19. + c 20. = tan–1 + c
21. = log +c 22. = log + c
23. = log + c 24. = log + c
25. dx = + + c
26. dx = - log + c
27. dx = + log + c
28. Integration by parts
If we take f(x) as the first function and g(x) as the second function, using the order of ‘ILATE’ then
= f(x) -
Remark 1.
To integrate the second and third powers of sine and cosine of angles use the following formulae
1. Sin2 x = 2. cos2 x =
3. sin3x = 4. cos3 x =
Remark 2
To integrate the products of sine and cosine of angles use the following formulae
1. sin A cos B = [sin(A+B) + sin (A–B)]
2. cos A sin B = [sin(A+B) – sin (A–B)]
3. cos A cos B = [cos(A+B) + cos (A–B)]
4. sin A sin B = [cos(A–B) – cos (A+B)]
= = = 2 tan-1x
Types of Integrals
1. = logf(x) + c 2. =2 + c
3. [f(x)]n f’(x) dx = +c
Integration of type and
Since sin x = and cos x =
Take t = tan (x/2) Þ sin x= and x = 2 tan-1t
Þ dx = and then substitute in the given integral
__________________________________________________________________
01. Why it is not possible to use the energy which is consumed?
02.List out the properties of a good source of energy?
03.What energy transformation takes place when we light a candle and drop a metal plate from a certain height?
04.What are fossil fuels?
05.What was the most common source of heat energy in ancient times?
06.What was the main source of energy during the industrial revolution?
07.Which fuel meets the growing demand of energy nowadays and the past?
08.What made us to look for alternative source of energy?
09.Why fossil fuels are called non-renewable sources of energy?
10. What are main disadvantages of using fossil fuels and how can we minimize it?
11. What causes acid rain?
12. What kind of gases are released while burning fossil fuels?
13. What energy transformation is done by a dynamo?
14. List out the different power plants from which we get electrical energy?
15. Explain how hydro and wind energies are the indirect sources of solar energy?
16. Why most of the thermal power plants are set near coal or oil mines?
17. Why hydro power plants are associated with dams?
18. Give the reason for the coining of the word thermal power plant?
19. Write the sequence of energy transformation taking place in the following places
a) Nuclear power plant b) Thermal power plant c) Hydro power plant d) Tidal power plant e) Geo-thermal power plant
20.Give few example for how our ancestors used the energy possessed by
the wind and water.
21.Of the major requirement of different forms of energies write which one
is the greater requirement of India and which is the least? What is the
percentage of the hydro energy requirement of India?
22. Write the working of a hydro power plant with a neat diagram?
23. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using energy from water?
24. What are the limitations of constructing dams across rivers?
25. What is bio- mass and write few examples of bio mass?
26. How is charcoal formed and what are the advantages of using
charcoal as a source of energy?
27. What is the Indian name of bio-gas and why is it called so?
28. What is the composition of bio-gas and the matter rich in the slurry
left behind in the bio-gas plant?
29. With a neat diagram of a bio-gas plant write its construction and working?
Page (2)
30. What is the major disadvantage of bio-mass and how can it be
overcome?
31. With a neat diagram of a wind mill write its construction and
working?
32. What are the advantages and disadvantages of establishing wind
mills?
33. What is a wind energy farm? How is the total output taken from it?
34. Write the differences between renewable and non-renewable
resources of energy.
35. Write a similarity and a dissimilarity between hydro energy and
thermal energy.
36 Write a similarity and a dissimilarity between thermal energy and
37 nuclear energy.
38 How do nuclear energy and wind energy differ from each other and also write a similarity between them.
39 How much area is needed to construct a wind energy farm to meet out the energy demand produced by a nuclear reactor of power 3000MW if it doesn’t function?
40 What do you mean by backup facility and where do you require it?
41 There is nuclear reactor of power 300MW and a wind mill farm constructed in an area of 10 hectares. Calculate for how long the windmill farm should work continuously to give energy equal to the energy produced by the reactor if the reactor doesn’t function for one day?
42 There is a hydro power plant of power output 100MW and a wind mill farm in an area. If the wind mill takes 2 hours to produce energy equivalent to the energy produced by the hydro power plant in 30min calculate the area in which the wind mill farm is constructed?
43 In a day time a nuclear reactor produces 3600 X 106 J of energy. Calculate the time taken by a wind energy farm of area 4 hectares to produce that much of energy?
44 What is the major source of energy for the sun?
45 What nuclear reaction takes place in the sun?
46 What substance functions as the fuel for the sun?
47 For how long time our Sun will tend to supply energy from it?
48 What percentage of solar energy reaching the upper atmosphere of earth reaches the lower atmosphere? What happens to the rest?
49 Define solar constant and give its value on the upper atmosphere and on the lower atmosphere?
50 Draw the schematic picture a solar cooker?
51 How do you classify the solar energy devices ? and explain.
52 What energy transformation takes place in the solar cooker?
53 Write the different parts of a box type solar cooker
Page (3)
54 Write a short note on the construction of a box type of solar cooker.
55 Explain the working of a solar cooker.
56 What is the role of a glass sheet and black coated surface of a box type solar cooker?
57 What is the use of the plane mirror of a box type of solar cooker?
58 Which type of solar spectrum is trapped in the solar cooker?
59 You are given the following wavelengths. Read them carefully and answer the following questions:
500nm, 800nm, 900nm
a) Of the following which one is emitted by a hotter body?
b) Of the following which lies in the visible spectrum?
c) Of the following which one can be trapped in the box type solar cooker?
60 To achieve higher temperature what is done in some solar cookers?
61 What solar water heaters? And what principle is used in their working?
62 What is a solar cell?
63 What are the advantages and disadvantages of a solar cell?
64 What energy transformation takes place in a solar cell?
65 What are the limitations of using solar cell?
66 What factors make a solar cell very expensive?
67 What are the uses of solar cells?
68 What is the potential difference and power generated by a typical solar cell?
69 What is a solar panel?
70 What are the different forms of energies available from the oceans?
71 What is the cause for the tides on the ocean? (or) how are tides formed?
72 How do you harness tidal energy?
73 How wave energy is an indirect form of solar energy?
74 What are the limitations of harnessing wave energy?
75 What is ocean thermal energy and how is it harnessed?
76 What is OTEC?
77 What is the minimum requirement to operate the OTEC system?
78 How is electricity generated from Ocean Thermal Energy?
79 What is Geo-thermal energy?
80 List out the energies that are dependent and non-dependent of solar energy?
81 What are hot spots?
82 Why hot spots are important in harnessing Geo-thermal energy?
83 How is electricity generated from Geo-thermal energy?
84 Name a few cites where geothermal energy is harnessed?
85 What are the limitations of harnessing Geo-thermal energy?
86 What are the advantages and disadvantages of Geo-thermal energy?
87 What are the different type of nuclear reactions?
88 Define nuclear fission and fusion reactions.
Page (4)
89 Compare the energy produced by combustion of an atom of carbon to that of fission of uranium 235
90 What is a nuclear chain reaction?
91 Explain how electricity is generated from a nuclear reactor?
92 From where does a nuclear fission reaction give out energy? And which physical reaction helps us in computing the energy produced by the reaction?
93 What is called “Eiensteins mass energy relationship”
94 How many Joules make one electron volt
95 How much energy is released by one atomic mass unit of substance?
96 What is the major hazard of nuclear power generation?
97 What are advantages and disadvantages of nuclear reactors?
98 What makes large-scale use of nuclear energy prohibitive?
99 On what factors the source of energy that we choose depends on?
100 Why any source of energy has less consequence? Explain your answer with suitable example.
Finos edavanna 00971501193753
02.List out the properties of a good source of energy?
03.What energy transformation takes place when we light a candle and drop a metal plate from a certain height?
04.What are fossil fuels?
05.What was the most common source of heat energy in ancient times?
06.What was the main source of energy during the industrial revolution?
07.Which fuel meets the growing demand of energy nowadays and the past?
08.What made us to look for alternative source of energy?
09.Why fossil fuels are called non-renewable sources of energy?
10. What are main disadvantages of using fossil fuels and how can we minimize it?
11. What causes acid rain?
12. What kind of gases are released while burning fossil fuels?
13. What energy transformation is done by a dynamo?
14. List out the different power plants from which we get electrical energy?
15. Explain how hydro and wind energies are the indirect sources of solar energy?
16. Why most of the thermal power plants are set near coal or oil mines?
17. Why hydro power plants are associated with dams?
18. Give the reason for the coining of the word thermal power plant?
19. Write the sequence of energy transformation taking place in the following places
a) Nuclear power plant b) Thermal power plant c) Hydro power plant d) Tidal power plant e) Geo-thermal power plant
20.Give few example for how our ancestors used the energy possessed by
the wind and water.
21.Of the major requirement of different forms of energies write which one
is the greater requirement of India and which is the least? What is the
percentage of the hydro energy requirement of India?
22. Write the working of a hydro power plant with a neat diagram?
23. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using energy from water?
24. What are the limitations of constructing dams across rivers?
25. What is bio- mass and write few examples of bio mass?
26. How is charcoal formed and what are the advantages of using
charcoal as a source of energy?
27. What is the Indian name of bio-gas and why is it called so?
28. What is the composition of bio-gas and the matter rich in the slurry
left behind in the bio-gas plant?
29. With a neat diagram of a bio-gas plant write its construction and working?
Page (2)
30. What is the major disadvantage of bio-mass and how can it be
overcome?
31. With a neat diagram of a wind mill write its construction and
working?
32. What are the advantages and disadvantages of establishing wind
mills?
33. What is a wind energy farm? How is the total output taken from it?
34. Write the differences between renewable and non-renewable
resources of energy.
35. Write a similarity and a dissimilarity between hydro energy and
thermal energy.
36 Write a similarity and a dissimilarity between thermal energy and
37 nuclear energy.
38 How do nuclear energy and wind energy differ from each other and also write a similarity between them.
39 How much area is needed to construct a wind energy farm to meet out the energy demand produced by a nuclear reactor of power 3000MW if it doesn’t function?
40 What do you mean by backup facility and where do you require it?
41 There is nuclear reactor of power 300MW and a wind mill farm constructed in an area of 10 hectares. Calculate for how long the windmill farm should work continuously to give energy equal to the energy produced by the reactor if the reactor doesn’t function for one day?
42 There is a hydro power plant of power output 100MW and a wind mill farm in an area. If the wind mill takes 2 hours to produce energy equivalent to the energy produced by the hydro power plant in 30min calculate the area in which the wind mill farm is constructed?
43 In a day time a nuclear reactor produces 3600 X 106 J of energy. Calculate the time taken by a wind energy farm of area 4 hectares to produce that much of energy?
44 What is the major source of energy for the sun?
45 What nuclear reaction takes place in the sun?
46 What substance functions as the fuel for the sun?
47 For how long time our Sun will tend to supply energy from it?
48 What percentage of solar energy reaching the upper atmosphere of earth reaches the lower atmosphere? What happens to the rest?
49 Define solar constant and give its value on the upper atmosphere and on the lower atmosphere?
50 Draw the schematic picture a solar cooker?
51 How do you classify the solar energy devices ? and explain.
52 What energy transformation takes place in the solar cooker?
53 Write the different parts of a box type solar cooker
Page (3)
54 Write a short note on the construction of a box type of solar cooker.
55 Explain the working of a solar cooker.
56 What is the role of a glass sheet and black coated surface of a box type solar cooker?
57 What is the use of the plane mirror of a box type of solar cooker?
58 Which type of solar spectrum is trapped in the solar cooker?
59 You are given the following wavelengths. Read them carefully and answer the following questions:
500nm, 800nm, 900nm
a) Of the following which one is emitted by a hotter body?
b) Of the following which lies in the visible spectrum?
c) Of the following which one can be trapped in the box type solar cooker?
60 To achieve higher temperature what is done in some solar cookers?
61 What solar water heaters? And what principle is used in their working?
62 What is a solar cell?
63 What are the advantages and disadvantages of a solar cell?
64 What energy transformation takes place in a solar cell?
65 What are the limitations of using solar cell?
66 What factors make a solar cell very expensive?
67 What are the uses of solar cells?
68 What is the potential difference and power generated by a typical solar cell?
69 What is a solar panel?
70 What are the different forms of energies available from the oceans?
71 What is the cause for the tides on the ocean? (or) how are tides formed?
72 How do you harness tidal energy?
73 How wave energy is an indirect form of solar energy?
74 What are the limitations of harnessing wave energy?
75 What is ocean thermal energy and how is it harnessed?
76 What is OTEC?
77 What is the minimum requirement to operate the OTEC system?
78 How is electricity generated from Ocean Thermal Energy?
79 What is Geo-thermal energy?
80 List out the energies that are dependent and non-dependent of solar energy?
81 What are hot spots?
82 Why hot spots are important in harnessing Geo-thermal energy?
83 How is electricity generated from Geo-thermal energy?
84 Name a few cites where geothermal energy is harnessed?
85 What are the limitations of harnessing Geo-thermal energy?
86 What are the advantages and disadvantages of Geo-thermal energy?
87 What are the different type of nuclear reactions?
88 Define nuclear fission and fusion reactions.
Page (4)
89 Compare the energy produced by combustion of an atom of carbon to that of fission of uranium 235
90 What is a nuclear chain reaction?
91 Explain how electricity is generated from a nuclear reactor?
92 From where does a nuclear fission reaction give out energy? And which physical reaction helps us in computing the energy produced by the reaction?
93 What is called “Eiensteins mass energy relationship”
94 How many Joules make one electron volt
95 How much energy is released by one atomic mass unit of substance?
96 What is the major hazard of nuclear power generation?
97 What are advantages and disadvantages of nuclear reactors?
98 What makes large-scale use of nuclear energy prohibitive?
99 On what factors the source of energy that we choose depends on?
100 Why any source of energy has less consequence? Explain your answer with suitable example.
Finos edavanna 00971501193753
Physics notes
LIGHT –REFLECTION AND REFRACTION for tenth CBSE Class
QUESTIONS TO PRACTICE
1. What are the differences between real image and virtual image?
2. The radius of curvature of a concave mirror is -46cm.What is its focal length?
3. How will you identify a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror without touching their surface?
4. Which mirror has a wider field of view? Why?
5. What happens to a ray of light when it travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium?
6. What will be the signs of u, v and f for a convex lens as per sign convention?
7. State Snell’s law of refraction?
8. A lens always forms a diminished, erect and virtual image .Identify the nature of the lens?
9. Where should an object be placed so that a real and inverted image of the same size is formed using a convex lens?
10. How is the power of a lens related to its focal length?
11. What is the S I unit of power of a lens? Define.
12. Two lenses having power P1 and P2 are placed in contact. What is the net power of the combination?
13. Two lenses of powers 4D and -5D are kept in contact. Find the focal length of the combination. What is the nature of the combination?
14. What do you understand by the term refractive index?
15. The image of our face is viewed in and out of the curved surface of a spoon. What change in the image is observed? How will you explain this?
16. You should not look at the sun directly or even into a mirror reflecting the light from the sun. Justify.
17. You need an erect and enlarged image of on object on a mirror. Which mirror would you choose?
18. You need to get an image of the size as that of the object using a lens. What is the suitable lens to be used?
19. The image of an object at a distance of 20 cm from a mirror is formed at the object itself.
1) Identify the mirror 2) The nature of the image
3) size of the image 4) the focal length of the mirror
5) radius of curvature of the mirror
Draw the corresponding ray diagram.
20. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror.
21. A convex mirror used on an automobile has radius of curvature of 2 m .If a car is located at 4 m from the mirror, find the position nature and size of the image
22. Why is convex mirror preferred to be used as a driver’s rear-view mirror?
23. For what position of an object, a virtual image is formed by a convex lens? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual image by a convex lens. What are the other characteristics of the image?
24. Why is a concave lens is called diverging lens, whereas a convex lens a converging lens? Explain with the help of ray diagrams.
25. Why the apparent depth of a swimming pool is less than its real depth? On what factors does the difference between the two depend?
26. Two lenses having power of 2.0D and 0.25D are combined together. What is the
(a) net power of combination?
(b) focal length of the combination?
27. Give two uses of convex lens.
28. Give two uses of convex mirrors
29. Give two uses of concave mirror.
30. Give two uses of concave lens
31. Give two uses of plane mirror.
32. Show the path of a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab. Label incident ray, refracted ray, emergent ray, the angle of incidence and angle of emergence and lateral displacement. Why is angle of incidence equal to the angle of emergence?
33. Drawing ray diagrams for an object at infinity and by using the new sign convention show that the focal length of a concave mirror is negative and that of convex mirror is positive.
34. State three rules for drawing geometric images in concave lens.
28. A reflected ray of light makes an angle of 900 with the incident ray of light. What are the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection? Draw a diagram to illustrate these rays.
29. State the laws of refraction.
30. An object 4cm high is placed 15cm away from a concave lens of focal length 10cm. Draw a ray diagram and find the position, size and nature of the image formed.
35. An object is kept in front of a concave mirror of focal length 20cm.The image formed is three times the size of the object. Calculate the two possible distances of the object from the mirror.
36. An object 0.4m high is placed at a distance of 0.8m from a concave mirror of radius curvature 0.4m. Find the position, nature and size of the image formed?
37. Two thin converging lenses of focal length 15cm and 30cm are held in contact with each other. Calculate the power and focal length of combination.
38. Find the position of an object which when placed in front of a concave mirror of focal length 20cm, produces a virtual image, which is twice the size of the object.
39. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of an object placed between the pole and focus of a concave mirror.
40. What is a lens? Distinguish between a convex and concave lens.
41. What do you understand by the power of a lens? Define magnification in case of spherical mirror and lens. Mention the new Cartesian sign convention applicable to in this case.
42. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed between optical centre and focus of a convex lens.
43. You are required to obtain an erect image of an object placed in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15cm.What should be the approximate distance of the object from the pole of the mirror? What is the nature of the image? Is the image larger of smaller in size than the object? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image.
44. An object of size 5cm is placed at a distance of 25cm from the pole of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 30cm.Calculate the distance and size of the image so formed. What will be the nature of the image?
45. An object of size 3cm is placed at a distance of 15cm from a convex lens of focal length 10cm.Calculate the distance and size of the image so formed. What will be the nature of the image?
46. Determine the speed of light in glass which has refractive index of 1.5, if the speed of light in vacuum is 3x108m/s.
47. A 1cm high image is obtained on a screen a t a distance of 20cm from a convex lens of focal length 10cm.What is the size the object?
48. The radius of curvature of a convex mirror is used on a moving automobile is 2.0 m. A truck is coming behind it at a constant distance of 3.5 m. Calculate (1) the position, and (2) the size of image relative to the size of the truck. What will be the nature of the image?
49. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show passage of two rays of light through a rectangular slab of glass, when the angle of incidence is zero in one case and a littler less than 900 in the other case.
50. A transparent medium A floats on another transparent medium B .When a ray of light travels obliquely from A into B the reflected ray bends away from the normal. Which of the media A and B is optically denser and why?
51. Where will the image is formed by a convex mirror if the object is placed between infinity and the pole of the mirror?
52. A convex lens has a focal length of 50cm. Calculate its power.
53. IDENTIFY THE LENS/MIRROR
i) Focal length positive
ii) Focal length negative
iii) Power positive
iv) Power negative
v) Forms virtual image always magnified
vi) Forms only diminished virtual images
vii) Magnification always positive
viii) Magnification always less than one
ix) Can produce image of the same size
x) Forms real point sized image
xi) Forms virtual point sized image
xii) Used as shaving mirror
xiii) Used as rear view mirror
xiv) Have wide field of view
xv) Converges the incident rays
xvi) Diverges the incident rays
Finos Edavanna 00971501193753
finos255@yahoo.co.in
QUESTIONS TO PRACTICE
1. What are the differences between real image and virtual image?
2. The radius of curvature of a concave mirror is -46cm.What is its focal length?
3. How will you identify a plane mirror, a concave mirror and a convex mirror without touching their surface?
4. Which mirror has a wider field of view? Why?
5. What happens to a ray of light when it travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium?
6. What will be the signs of u, v and f for a convex lens as per sign convention?
7. State Snell’s law of refraction?
8. A lens always forms a diminished, erect and virtual image .Identify the nature of the lens?
9. Where should an object be placed so that a real and inverted image of the same size is formed using a convex lens?
10. How is the power of a lens related to its focal length?
11. What is the S I unit of power of a lens? Define.
12. Two lenses having power P1 and P2 are placed in contact. What is the net power of the combination?
13. Two lenses of powers 4D and -5D are kept in contact. Find the focal length of the combination. What is the nature of the combination?
14. What do you understand by the term refractive index?
15. The image of our face is viewed in and out of the curved surface of a spoon. What change in the image is observed? How will you explain this?
16. You should not look at the sun directly or even into a mirror reflecting the light from the sun. Justify.
17. You need an erect and enlarged image of on object on a mirror. Which mirror would you choose?
18. You need to get an image of the size as that of the object using a lens. What is the suitable lens to be used?
19. The image of an object at a distance of 20 cm from a mirror is formed at the object itself.
1) Identify the mirror 2) The nature of the image
3) size of the image 4) the focal length of the mirror
5) radius of curvature of the mirror
Draw the corresponding ray diagram.
20. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror.
21. A convex mirror used on an automobile has radius of curvature of 2 m .If a car is located at 4 m from the mirror, find the position nature and size of the image
22. Why is convex mirror preferred to be used as a driver’s rear-view mirror?
23. For what position of an object, a virtual image is formed by a convex lens? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual image by a convex lens. What are the other characteristics of the image?
24. Why is a concave lens is called diverging lens, whereas a convex lens a converging lens? Explain with the help of ray diagrams.
25. Why the apparent depth of a swimming pool is less than its real depth? On what factors does the difference between the two depend?
26. Two lenses having power of 2.0D and 0.25D are combined together. What is the
(a) net power of combination?
(b) focal length of the combination?
27. Give two uses of convex lens.
28. Give two uses of convex mirrors
29. Give two uses of concave mirror.
30. Give two uses of concave lens
31. Give two uses of plane mirror.
32. Show the path of a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab. Label incident ray, refracted ray, emergent ray, the angle of incidence and angle of emergence and lateral displacement. Why is angle of incidence equal to the angle of emergence?
33. Drawing ray diagrams for an object at infinity and by using the new sign convention show that the focal length of a concave mirror is negative and that of convex mirror is positive.
34. State three rules for drawing geometric images in concave lens.
28. A reflected ray of light makes an angle of 900 with the incident ray of light. What are the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection? Draw a diagram to illustrate these rays.
29. State the laws of refraction.
30. An object 4cm high is placed 15cm away from a concave lens of focal length 10cm. Draw a ray diagram and find the position, size and nature of the image formed.
35. An object is kept in front of a concave mirror of focal length 20cm.The image formed is three times the size of the object. Calculate the two possible distances of the object from the mirror.
36. An object 0.4m high is placed at a distance of 0.8m from a concave mirror of radius curvature 0.4m. Find the position, nature and size of the image formed?
37. Two thin converging lenses of focal length 15cm and 30cm are held in contact with each other. Calculate the power and focal length of combination.
38. Find the position of an object which when placed in front of a concave mirror of focal length 20cm, produces a virtual image, which is twice the size of the object.
39. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of an object placed between the pole and focus of a concave mirror.
40. What is a lens? Distinguish between a convex and concave lens.
41. What do you understand by the power of a lens? Define magnification in case of spherical mirror and lens. Mention the new Cartesian sign convention applicable to in this case.
42. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed between optical centre and focus of a convex lens.
43. You are required to obtain an erect image of an object placed in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15cm.What should be the approximate distance of the object from the pole of the mirror? What is the nature of the image? Is the image larger of smaller in size than the object? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image.
44. An object of size 5cm is placed at a distance of 25cm from the pole of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 30cm.Calculate the distance and size of the image so formed. What will be the nature of the image?
45. An object of size 3cm is placed at a distance of 15cm from a convex lens of focal length 10cm.Calculate the distance and size of the image so formed. What will be the nature of the image?
46. Determine the speed of light in glass which has refractive index of 1.5, if the speed of light in vacuum is 3x108m/s.
47. A 1cm high image is obtained on a screen a t a distance of 20cm from a convex lens of focal length 10cm.What is the size the object?
48. The radius of curvature of a convex mirror is used on a moving automobile is 2.0 m. A truck is coming behind it at a constant distance of 3.5 m. Calculate (1) the position, and (2) the size of image relative to the size of the truck. What will be the nature of the image?
49. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show passage of two rays of light through a rectangular slab of glass, when the angle of incidence is zero in one case and a littler less than 900 in the other case.
50. A transparent medium A floats on another transparent medium B .When a ray of light travels obliquely from A into B the reflected ray bends away from the normal. Which of the media A and B is optically denser and why?
51. Where will the image is formed by a convex mirror if the object is placed between infinity and the pole of the mirror?
52. A convex lens has a focal length of 50cm. Calculate its power.
53. IDENTIFY THE LENS/MIRROR
i) Focal length positive
ii) Focal length negative
iii) Power positive
iv) Power negative
v) Forms virtual image always magnified
vi) Forms only diminished virtual images
vii) Magnification always positive
viii) Magnification always less than one
ix) Can produce image of the same size
x) Forms real point sized image
xi) Forms virtual point sized image
xii) Used as shaving mirror
xiii) Used as rear view mirror
xiv) Have wide field of view
xv) Converges the incident rays
xvi) Diverges the incident rays
Finos Edavanna 00971501193753
finos255@yahoo.co.in
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